MESOTHELIOMA CURES

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA AND LUNG CANCER

2009-02-08T23:36:00.000-08:00

Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer are not the same, although they are both considered serious. Some treatments may be similar, but not alike.

Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that originates in the pleura or lining of the lung . Lung cancer originates inside the lung itself, although the pleura may become involved as the disease progresses. It is not unusual when a biopsy is recommended that the doctor is weighing the possibility of one diagnosis versus the other.

Mesothelioma is a rare cancer with approximately 2,000 total diagnoses per year, of which 70% are pleural mesotheliomas. As of the latest current statistics (2003), 105,508 men and 84,789 women were diagnosed with lung cancer. It is estimated that 213,380 new cases will be diagnosed in 2007.

Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos, and has no relationship to smoking. Lung cancers are most often associated with a smoking history, although asbestos exposure may be a contributing factor in some cases. The risk of lung cancer is greatly increased by persons who have combined risk factors.

Lung cancers are divided into two groups:

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Small cell lung cancers comprise about 15% of all lung cancers diagnosed, and often begin in the bronchi near the center of the chest. This type of cancer is almost always caused by smoking.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancers comprise about 85% of all lung cancers diagnosed. There are 3 sub-types of non-small lung cancers: adenocarcinoma, usually found in the outer part of the lung; large-cell, which can start in any part of the lung; and squamous cell, which tends to be located near the bronchus, and is also linked to smoking.

If you have any doubt as to your diagnosis, always consult with your doctor.

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

2009-02-02T06:39:00.000-08:00

Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma (hurtful the lining of the abdominal rupture) shout vitals stitch, modulate injury, ailment and virus. youthful ailments can drop by droplet proof these same symptoms. Off and on resembling viral pneumonia, pleural mesothelioma (noisome the lining of the lungs) permanent may writhe tininess of breath, box stitch and persistent cough. Some permanent show no symptoms at all. Pleural effusion, or an accumulation of unraveling between the lining of the lung and the chest crack, re yields one of the most fixed symptoms of mesothelioma. As the a add up to of gas increases, tininess of breath, known as "dyspnea", and sometimes stitch may surface. If you own worked with asbestos and you preserve any of these symptoms, you have to see your Colloq doc perfect away.

For the drowse of this article, we drive discuss the meaning fundament what we perpetuate expert around this affair so far.

If reasons lug by virtue of to ambiguous you might have Mesothelioma (unusually exposure to asbestos), a physician determination abduct your remedial response for and do a crammed genuine curb. Then the physician can use one or auxiliary of the methods described farther down to set if the sickness is yield.

As we handgrip a nearer read over, conserve in experience all of the pertinent and important notifyation that we have erudite so far.

A us man diagnoses mesothelioma through a absolute assessment of clinical and radiological findings proceeded by a vanishing tissue biopsy. The Colloq doc should checking the permanent's remedial account, bonus account of asbestos communicating, followed by a cubic commie ilk fault examination, x-waves of the container or abdomen, and lung assembly tests. The physician may also form a CT inspect or MRI at this time. If any of these preliminary tests denote the life of mesothelioma, a biopsy is performed to promote this diagnosis.

A diplomate may use a harass biopsy of the eminence, or the exclusion and examination of the vapor contiguous the lung for description. reproof these assess's are on occasion inadequate as far as determining sect force (epithelial, sarcomatous, or sundry) or reproof of the unreliability of fluid sample, a physician may rush unfastened pleural biopsy. In a pleural biopsy formula, a d makes a minuscule grade by worthiness of the casket hail and inserts a meagre, overwhelming pipeline sou-distant a thoracoscope into the coffer between two ribs. The physician theretofore removes a sometimes of fabric that a pathologist will proof under a microscope. In a peritoneal biopsy, the doctor makes a pocket grade in the abdomen and inserts a peritoneoscope into the abdominal split. The adjacent re yields a catalog of diagnostic formulas that a medico may use to maintain whether mesothelioma survives.

Mesothelioma Diagnostic Tests
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MESOTHELIOMA FACT

2009-02-02T06:38:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is a cancer that resides in the lungs and is associated with asbestos. Malignant Mesothelioma is a very rare form of cancer. These cancer cells are found either in the lining around the heart,abdominal cavity or the lungs.

Mesothelioma takes years before it becomes cancerous. People from the 1940 and up are just now being diagnosed with Mesothelioma.

Asbestos is the leading cause of Mesothelioma. During world war two the manufactoring of asbestos became more increased due to the fact that the lumber was being used for building ships. Wood was in great demand by the government and companies needed a replacement for their businesses, like construction, automobile factories, building trades, etc. The people who manufactored asbestos knew that asbestos wasnt a regulated product and knew that their workers would inevtably suffer from its consequences. But lumber was hard to find during this peroid and asbestos could be manufactored for much cheaper, thats why it has been in use after world war two and through up to the 1970's. During the 1970's asbestos was outlawed to use by the Consumer Products Safety commission in products such as wallboard patching material and artificial ash for gas fireplaces because the fiber in these products would become airborn during use.

Most people that have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma have been workers who were directly exposed to asbestos, but a few have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma from just living with the workers. The workers would have the fibers of asbestos in their hair and on thier clothing, which would travel in the air and settle in the lungs of whoever came in contact with them.

As with all cancer, the earliest detection of Mesothelioma will give better opportunity on its treatment.

Chest pain, shortness of breath and a persistant cough are some of the early symptoms of Mesothelioma. This is a very difficult problem to find, because it sometimes resembles viral pneumonia. Fever, night sweats and weight loss are some of the less common symptoms of Mesothelioma.

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Know about Mesothelioma

2009-02-02T06:36:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is a kind of cancer induced by exposure to asbestos. It affects the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the internal organs of the human body and nearly takes 10-50 years to develop. In the nascent stage of Mesothelioma attack, the pleura or peritoneum are affected and then it gradually spreads to the other parts of the body. Mesothelioma is also termed as 'malignant' mesothelioma where the lining of the chest, the abdomen and the heart are attacked. There are two types of mesothelioma, one being Pleural mesothelioma (lung cancer) and the other being Peritoneal mesothelioma (abdominal cancer).

How you can get affected of Mesothelioma
The inhaling of the fine airborne asbestos dust and fibers causes mesothelioma. It is a proven fact, as 70% to 80% of the case histories of patients state that asbestos exposure in factories or industries leads to mesothelioma. Hence all those working in construction based jobs like shipyards, boilermakers, insulators etc. are susceptible to this fatal disease.

The first step to cure of this disease is to find out all the relevant symptoms. But because of the long latency period of mesothelioma, the symptoms come into play even after 30-50 years since the contraction of the disease. Moreover, the symptoms are not conclusive, and are common to most other diseases. This is why the mesothelioma tests are imperative from the doctor’s point of view.

The symptoms
The three most prominent symptoms of Mesothelioma are excruciating pain whilst breathing or coughing, breathing problems and a persistent cough, which could even, lead to bleeding. In addition, tiredness, loss of appetite, loss of weight are some of the other symptoms. Amongst some of the very rare symptoms, husky voice, problem in swallowing, swelling of the face and pain around the rib area are considered.

The diagnosis
It is a daunting task to diagnose the victims of mesothelioma. Normally the average age of the victims at diagnosis is around 50 to 70 years. Surprisingly, the white Americans are victimized more than the African Americans. At the time diagnosis begins, the disease had already spread and seems invincible. A victim would normally survive for only one year when the disease becomes quite ominous. However, the survival time of the patient can be stretched to almost two years if the disease is detected early and given proper treatment.

The treatment
There are many factors, which determine the treatment of Mesothelioma viz., stage of the disease, location of the cancer, patient's age and general health. Surgeries, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are amongst the basic treatments for Mesothelioma. In the recent past, treatments like removal of the pleural fluid to relieve pain and control breathlessness are being used. Apart from medication, there are a few helpful techniques that can help relieve pain and stress. These involve a balanced diet preferably prescribed by a general physician or a dietitian, conservation of energy on self-initiative as well as therapies such as aromatherapy, relaxation and massage.

In the inference, it would be worthwhile to mention that Mesothelioma is a dreadful disease and its spread can only be shunned if you are willing to know more about the disease. Then again you should also make sure that you take precautionary measures by piecing together all the information that you have garnered today.

Fred Lindell is a successful writer and publisher of health related issues, for more informative articles go to http://www.mesotheliomaplaza.com

Mesothelioma Overview

2009-02-02T06:35:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer, but the deadliest one of all. It strikes about 3000 hard working people in the United States each year, mostly men over 40 years of age. It is caused by direct asbestos exposure, or from asbestos dust brought home on the worker's clothing.

During the twentieth century, around 30 million tons of asbestos were used in industrial sites, homes, schools, shipyards and commercial buildings in the United States. Many asbestos-containing products remain in buildings, ships, industrial facilities and other environments where the fibers can become airborne.

Mesothelioma is a cancer of the cells that make up the lining of the lungs, the inside of the ribs, and around the abdominal organs. In the past it was thought that cigarette smoking caused mesothelioma. However, with medical research it has been proven that it is caused by asbestos exposures.

Here's what the asbestos does. When a person breathes in asbestos fibers, the fibers then travel to the ends of the small air passages reaching the lining of the lungs and damaging the mesothelial cells (the lining of the lung cells). If swallowed, these fibers can reach the lining of the abdominal cavity where they play a part in causing a cancer called peritoneal mesothelioma. The chance of ever getting mesothelioma rises with the intensity and duration of your exposure to asbestos.

And you may not get mesothelioma right away. Mesothelioma can even develop 20 to 50 years after the initial exposure. The average life span of an inflicted person from the time of diagnosis with mesothelioma until death is less the 6 months. So, who's at risk?

People who work or used to work in asbestos environment, and spouses or children being exposed to asbestos fibers from work clothing brought home. Also, if you live in a house that was built in the mid 70's or before, you have to know that most insulation materials, including pipe insulation; boiler insulation; fireproofing spray; firebrick and gunnite (used for internal insulation of furnaces and boilers); also many construction materials, such as roof, floor and ceiling tiles contained asbestos. You too might be exposed to asbestos. You need to have your house checked for any asbestos presence.

If you have ever been exposed to asbestos directly or indirectly, early symptoms of mesothelioma can include shortness of breath and/or pain in the lower back or at the side of your chest. Less often, you can experience trouble swallowing, cough, fever, sweating, fatigue, and weight loss. So, these early symptoms sometimes may delay your diagnosis as these symptoms are also related to other illnesses. It will be up to you to mention to your doctor the possibility of asbestos exposure, because your doctor may not suspect it right away. Your doctor then, has to use x-rays, CT scans or a breathing test to detect the presence of asbestos. He or she can further perform a biopsy (taking samples of your lung tissue) to confirm it.

If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma, you were most likely exposed to asbestos. Many asbestos manufacturers and even distributors knew for decades that asbestos was hazardous, yet they did not warn people of those hazards. As a result, you have a right of recovery against those manufacturers, which on the other hand can help pay the costs of treatment and provide compensation for your pain and suffering.

The first thing you need to do after being diagnosed with mesothelioma is contact a lawyer immediately to see if you have a case. Think about the source of your exposure, regardless of how long ago that might have been. Try to find the responsible parties. Whether that was your spouse's work, your work, your parents' work, the house you lived in, or anything at all that might have exposed you to asbestos.

Also, you need to ask your lawyer about your statute of limitations. Even if your family member has died from mesothelioma, you may still be eligible to file a claim. Even if you've never worked at a place that directly dealt with asbestos but you have gotten it through asbestos fibers brought home on clothes worn by a spouse or parent who worked in an asbestos environment, you may still be eligible to file a claim.

If diagnosed with mesothelioma, your doctor can only do so much to save your life. It will be mostly you religiously following the health directions given to you by your doctor and educating yourself about mesothelioma. Your doctor can help you save your life, but you can also help him or her help you by knowing how to deal with it.

Disclaimer: The author and publisher of this article have done their best to give you useful, informative and accurate information. This article does not represent nor replace any professional advice you need to get from a lawyer, or doctor, or other professional if the content of the article involves an issue you are facing. The author, publishers and marketers of this information disclaim any loss or liability, either directly or indirectly as a consequence of applying the information presented herein, or in regard to the use and application of said information. No guarantee is given, either expressed or implied, in regard to the merchantability, accuracy, or acceptability of the information. Thank you.

About the author: This article was produced by Attorney Resources and Lawyer Information website. Please visit http://lawyer.bestinfo4you.com/mesothelioma-attorney.html if you need to find a mesothelioma lawyer or if you need more information to help you with your attorney.

Mesothelioma, your health and legal right

2009-02-02T06:31:00.000-08:00

This story-article will open your eyes to the danger you might presently be living with and not know plus, the legal option open to you as a redress.

John has been sick for months, he has finally been diagnosed to have a rare cancer disease medically know as mesothelioma. He is about being hospitalised for a possible cure of the disease on his lungs, heart and abdominal cavities.

If you come down with mesothelioma, chemotherapy, usually the first option open to doctors as part of cancer analysis will be your first treatment experience, after which you might be subjected to radiation therapy, immuno-augmentative therapy or surgery as the last resort. You sure don’t want John’s condition, do you?

Most victims do not know that they had contracted this very rare cancer. Mesothelioma may silently damage cells of the affected organs for as long as 40 years before health problem symptoms become noticeable. Worse is that symptoms usually happen in retirement when your income, most likely, would have dropped below your expenditure.

From all indications, John is very sick and obviously his well being has been greatly impaired, which must have shortened his life span. His income now barely meets his basic needs due to lost work-hours as a result of mesothelioma. He is in a dilemma regarding how to handle his condition.

But unknown to John, he has a legal right to file for compensation against his former employers. Majority of the articles on mesothelioma, victims and compensation on the internet are unequivocal that anyone who has been diagnosed with mesothelioma having been exposed to asbestos, the chief cause of this rare cancer, is entitled to compensation.

Aside from the inconveniences of illness, their life span has been shortened considerably by the disease contracted in circumstances that did not make the inherent danger of asbestos known to the victim. Using this argument experienced mesothelioma lawyers win claims for their clients, basically pleading the invariable loss of health and active life associated with the rare cancer.

Companies that produced or whose raw material were or still asbestos cannot hoodwink the law on the fact that they knew how dangerous asbestos was to health, but deliberately did not inform their employees as a policy.

Since it takes too long before mesothelioma symptoms begin to appear, tens of thousands of people in the United States may have died of this disease without being recorded as mesothelioma victims. Recorded deaths associated with mesothelioma are also in tens of thousands too.

Asbestos factories, Building and Construction works are among the frequently mentioned culprits for this scenario. And most victims never even know that they were or are mesothelioma positive till it is too late.

The symptoms that John came down with are; shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal pain, coughing and exhaustion . And I have also read that soon his immune system will become overworked and weakened fighting mesothelioma.

Now, if like John, you or anyone you know had worked or works with asbestos, then inform them, and hurry up to a medical check up. If you test positive, look for a mesothelioma lawyer who can defend your claim.

A competent mesothelioma lawyer must be abreast of the symptoms of the disease to be able to win your claim for you, so ask him questions about the disease to test his knowledge before hiring him.

PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA IS A RARE TYPE OF CANCER

2009-02-02T06:28:00.000-08:00

that affects the lining of the abdomen. It occurs in the tissues lining the abdominal cavity that contain a fluid that enables the organs to move and work properly. It is a cancer, which is associated with asbestos exposure, a mineral belonging to the amphibole group used in making fireproof articles. Asbestos exposure can cause severe health complications.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is sometimes also referred as diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma, as this is the place where the cancer spreads out. Among asbestos related diseases, peritoneal mesothelioma is the most common cancer.

Peritoneal mesothelioma can prove fatal in many circumstances if proper diagnosis and treatment is not done. The latency period is very long [ten to fifty years] and most of the time it is diagnosed when the disease is well spread into the body. Mesothelioma can affect any part and organ of the body if not detected on time.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms
The symptoms may not appear soon after exposure to asbestos. It may take a long latency period and symptoms may be clear after a long time.

• Most of the symptoms resemble that of flu

• Stomach pains and fever

• Abdominal swelling may occur

• Due to swelling of abdomen, extreme pain in the internal organs may take place

• Shortness of breath accompanied by a persistent cough due to build up of fluid between the lining of the lungs and the chest cavity known as pleural effusion.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma origins
Asbestos is the main cause for people developing peritoneal mesothelioma. Asbestos is a material used in shipyards and industries. Asbestos adds to the durability and fire resistance quality and gives strength to products and protects them against corrosion. Inhalation of asbestos can be serious and fatal in many cases. It causes the scar tissues to develop on lower lobes of both lungs, leading to minor cuts and lacerations in tissue. It can impair lung elasticity and the lung’s ability to sufficiently exchange gases.

Diagnosis - Peritoneal mesothelioma
One of the major obstacles in diagnosing peritoneal mesothelioma lies in its symptoms resembling flu with fever and other symptoms. Many patients and doctors are unable to recognize the disease unless the tumors of peritoneal mesothelioma cause severe adnominal swelling and pain.

The diagnosis may be based on X- ray or CT scan. In both these methods of diagnosis, detailed images of the body are taken in which the complete picture of the body becomes clear and the doctor is able to identify where the cancerous cells are located.

Sometimes, an exploratory surgery is also performed based on the doctor’s recommendation. Also, a biopsy is carried out in which a sample of the cells is taken from the affected portion of the body, and it tested under the microscope to check for abnormal growth. A blood test is also done to rule out possibilities of other diseases and ailments.

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation

2009-01-09T16:28:00.000-08:00

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation is a treatment that uses directed heat to destroy cancer cells in tumors. This is a method of destroying the tumor without actually removing it, sometimes replacing more invasive techniques. Also called Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) because microwaves are used to generate the heart, this techniquw is often done in patients when surgery is not an option, or when surgery or other treatments have failed. This method has become a major treatment approach for small tumors for which operative intervention is often dangerous. While RFA can be used to treat various tumors (brain, pancreas, lung, breast, etc.), it is currently primarily used in the treatment of liver cancer. While not considered a cure, survival rates due to RFA can equal those of other treatments.

The RFA procedure provides a non-surgical, non-drug option for the treatment of mesothelioma tumors. It allows for controlled treatment of the cancerous cells without damaging surrounding tissue. RFA is a minimally invasive procedure usually performed on an outpatient basis using conscious sedation (patient is awake, but drowsy and numb). This can be performed by an interventional radiologist in hospitals, physician offices, or other treatment centers. RFA treatment can take as little as 15 minutes or as long as several hours, depending on the tumor specifics (size, location, and number) and any unexpected complications.
The procedure involves the use of high-energy radio waves which produce very high heat that effectively “cooks” the cancerous tumor. The radio waves are actually a high-frequency alternating current produced by an electrical generator. This current is passed through a needle-like probe with an electrode tip. This probe is controlled by a radiologist who places the tip into the tumor and delivers the current directly into the cancerous cells. Prior to insertion of the probe, the tumor is located by use of ultrasound, CT, or MRI equipment. This same equipment is then used by the radiologist to guide the probe for proper administration and destruction of the cancerous cells.

As with all treatments, there are risks associated with RFA. Although rare, one potential risk is that of the needle puncturing an organ, which could require reparative surgery. In RFA lung treatment, there is a potential risk of pneumothorax (air or gas in the chest) which could need to be drained with a chest tube. Minor risks include infection, bruising or bleeding at the probe insertion site.

RFA is sometimes used to treat other conditions including, but not limited to, irregular heartbeats, snoring, and arthritis pain. However, when radiofrequency ablation is used in treating these conditions, the radio waves are used to administer a manipulated electrical charge rather than the intense heat involved in hyperthermic ablation.

Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy is an adjuvant cancer therapy where a patient’s body temperature is raised in specific areas prior to or in conjunction with another form of cancer treatment. By inducing localized hyperthermia infected cells are more prone to undergo apoptosis because they have a compact and less effective vascular structure which cannot process temperature increases as efficiently as healthy cells. If they do not die from the induction of heat, the rise in temperature may cause the diseased cells to become more susceptible to radiation and certain chemotherapy treatments.

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

2009-01-09T16:26:00.000-08:00

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

How is mesothelioma diagnosed?

A diagnosis of mesothelioma is most often obtained with careful assessment of clinical and radiological findings in addition to a confirming tissue biopsy. (Learn about typical mesothelioma symptoms.) A review of the patient's medical history, including history of asbestos exposure is taken, followed by a complete physical examination, x-rays of the chest or abdomen, and lung function tests. A CT scan or MRI may also be done at this time. If any of these preliminary tests prove suspicious for mesothelioma; a biopsy is necessary to confirm this diagnosis.

Imaging Techniques and Their Value in Diagnosing and Assessing Mesothelioma

There are several imaging techniques which may prove useful when mesothelioma is suspected due to the presence of pleural effusion combined with a history of occupational or secondary asbestos exposure. While these imaging techniques can be valuable in assessing the possibility of the cancer, definitive diagnosis is still most often established through fluid diagnosis or tissue biopsy.

Some of the most commonly used imaging methods include:

• X-ray

A chest x-ray can reveal pleural effusion (fluid build-up) which is confined to either the right (60%) or left (40%) lung. On occasion, a mass may be seen. Signs of prior non-cancerous asbestos disease, such as pleural plaques or pleural calcification, or scarring due to asbestosis may also be noted.

• Computed Tomography (CT)

CT scans are also able to define pleural effusion, as well as pleural thickening, pleural calcification, thickening of interlobular fissures, or possible chest wall invasion. CT, however, is not able to differentiate between changes associated with benign asbestos disease (pleural disease), or differentiate between adenocarcinoma of the lung wh

ich may have spread to the pleura verses mesothelioma. CT scans may also be valuable in guiding fine needle aspiration of pleural masses for tissue diagnosis.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI scans are most often used to determine the extent of tumor prior to aggressive treatment. Because they provide images in multiple planes, they are better able to identify tumors as opposed to normal structures. They are also more accurate than CT scans in assessing enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes (those lymph nodes which lie between the two lungs), as well as a clear diaphragmatic surface, both of which play an important role in surgical candidacy.

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

PET imaging is now becoming an important part of the diagnosis and evaluation of mesothelioma. While PET scans are more expensive than other types of imaging, and are not always covered under insurance, they are now considered to be the most diagnostic of tumor sites, as well as the most superior in determining the staging of mesothelioma. Further explanation of PET scans.

• CT/PET

For patients who may be candidates for aggressive multimodality treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiation), accurate clinical staging is extremely important. Integrated CT/PET imaging provides a relatively new tool in this respect, and has become the imaging technique of choice for determining surgical eligibility. By combining the benefits of CT and PET (anatomic and metabolic information) into a single scan, this technology can more accurately determine the stage of the cancer, and can help identify the best treatment option for the patient. Read about a study of CT-PET imaging in preoperative evaluation of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

A needle biopsy of the mass, or the removal and examination of the fluid surrounding the lung, may be used for diagnosis, however, because these samples are sometimes inadequate as far as determining cell type (epithelial, sarcomatous, or mixed) or because of the unreliability of fluid diagnosis, open pleural biopsy may be recommended. In a pleural biopsy procedure, a surgeon will make a small incision through the chest wall and insert a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. He will then remove a sample of tissue to be reviewed under a microscope by a pathologist. In a peritoneal biopsy, the doctor makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity.

Once mesothelioma is suspected through imaging tests, it is confirmed by pathological examination. Tissue is removed, put under the microscope, and a pathologist makes a definitive diagnosis, and issues a pathology report. This is the end of a process that usually begins with symptoms that send most people to the doctor: a fluid build-up or pleural effusions, shortness of breath, pain in the chest, or pain or swelling in the abdomen. The doctor may order an x-ray or CT scan of the chest or abdomen. If further examination is warranted, the following tests may be done:

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)

Over the past decade, the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become one of the most widely used tools in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Biopsies of the pleural lining, nodules, masses and pleural fluid can now easily be obtained using this minimally invasive procedure, and other therapies such as pleurodesis (talc) for pleural effusions can be done concurrently.While the patient is under general anesthesia, several small incisions or “ports” are made through the chest wall. The surgeon then inserts a small camera, via a scope, into one incision, and other surgical instruments used to retrieve tissue samples into the other incisions. By looking at a video screen showing the camera images, the surgeon is able to complete whatever procedures are necessary

In many cases, this video-assisted technique is able to replace thoracotomy, which requires a much larger incision to gain access to the chest cavity, and because it is minimally invasive, the patient most often has less post-operative pain and a potentially shorter recovery period.

Thoracoscopy

For pleural mesothelioma the doctor may look inside the chest cavity with a special instrument called a thoracoscope. A cut will be made through the chest wall and the thoracoscope will be put into the chest between two ribs. This test is usually done in a hospital with a local anesthetic or painkiller.

If fluid has collected in your chest, your doctor may drain the fluid out of your body by putting a needle into your chest and use gentle suction to remove the fluid. This is called thoracentesis.

Peritoneoscopy

For peritoneal mesothelioma the doctor may also look inside the abdomen with a special tool called a peritoneoscope. The peritoneoscope is put into an opening made in the abdomen. This test is usually done in the hospital under a local anesthetic.

If fluid has collected in your abdomen, your doctor may drain the fluid out of your body by putting a needle into your abdomen and using gentle suction to remove the fluid. This process is called paracentesis.

Biopsy

If abnormal tissue is found, the doctor will need to cut out a small piece and have it looked at under a microscope. This is usually done during the thoracoscopy or peritoneoscopy, but can be done during surgery. More on needle biopsies.

MESOTHELIOMA SYMPTOMS

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The early symptoms of mesothelioma are generally non-specific, and may lead to a delay in diagnosis. Sometimes resembling viral pneumonia, pleural mesothelioma patients may present with shortness of breath, chest pain and/or persistent cough; some patients show no symptoms at all. A chest x-ray may show a build-up of fluid or pleural effusion (discussed below). The right lung is affected 60% of the time, with involvement of both lungs being seen in approximately 5% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Less common symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include fever, night sweats and weight loss. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include pain or swelling in the abdomen due to a build-up of fluid, nausea, weight loss, bowel obstruction, anemia or swelling of the feet.

PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT THESE SYMPTOMS MAY BE CAUSED BY MESOTHELIOMA OR BY OTHER LESS SERIOUS CONDITIONS. ONLY A DOCTOR CAN MAKE A DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS.

Information on the symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma.

Information on the symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of pleural mesothelioma.

Pleural Effusion

One of the most common symptoms of mesothelioma is a pleural effusion, or an accumulation of fluid between the parietal pleura (the pleura covering the chest wall and diaphragm) and the visceral pleura (the pleura covering the lungs). Both of these membranes are covered with mesothelial cells which, under normal conditions, produce a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant between the chest wall and the lung. Any excess fluid is absorbed by blood and lymph vessels maintaining a balance. When too much fluid forms, the result is an effusion.

Types

Pleural effusion is broken down into two categories, transudates and exudates. A transudate is a clear fluid that forms not because the pleural surfaces are diseased, but because of an imbalance between the normal production and removal of the fluid. The most common cause of transudative fluid is congestive heart failure. An exudate, which is often cloudy and contains many cells and proteins, results from disease of the pleura itself, and is common to mesothelioma. To determine whether a fluid is a transudate or exudate, a diagnostic thoracentesis, in which a needle or catheter is used to obtain a fluid sample, may be conducted.

Symptoms

As the volume of fluid increases, shortness of breath, known as "dyspnea", and sometimes pain, ranging from mild to stabbing, may occur. Some patients may experience a dry cough. When the doctor listens to the patient’s chest with a stethoscope, normal breath sounds are muted, and tapping on the chest will reveal dull rather than hollow sounds.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pleural effusion is usually accomplished with a simple chest x-ray, although CT scans or ultrasound may also be used. A special x-ray technique, called a lateral decubitus film, may be used to detect smaller effusions or to enable the physician to estimate of the amount of fluid present. If the underlying cause of the effusion is readily apparent (such as in the case of severe congestive heart failure), sampling of the fluid may not be necessary, however, because pleural effusion may be symptomatic of a number of disease processes from benign to malignant, a fluid sample is generally taken. Diagnostic thoracentesis, in which cells are extracted from the pleural cavity, is commonly done when the possibility of mesothelioma exists, however, in up to 85% of cases, the fluid tests negative or inconclusive even though cancer is present. It is ultimately a needle biopsy of the pleura (lining of the lung) or an open surgical biopsy which confirms a mesothelioma diagnosis.

Treatment

Pleural effusion caused by heart failure or infection can usually be resolved by directing treatment at the cause, however, when testing has realized no diagnosis, and fluid continues to build or recur, doctors may recommend chest tube drainage and chemical pleurodesis. Chemical pleurodesis is a technique in which a sclerosing agent is used to abrade the pleural surfaces producing an adhesion between the parietal and visceral pleurae. This will prevent further effusion by eliminating the pleural space. Talc appears to be the most effective agent for pleurodesis, with a success rate of nearly 95%. It is highly effective when administered by either poudrage or slurry. Poudrage is the most widely used method of instilling talc into the pleural space. Before spraying the talc, the medical team removes all pleural fluid to completely collapse the lung. After the talc is administered, they inspect the pleural cavity to be sure the talc has been evenly distributed over the pleural surface. Some doctors prefer to use talc mixed with saline solution which forms a wet slurry that can roll around the pleural cavity.

Fatigue in Mesothelioma Patients

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA AND LUNG CANCER

2009-01-09T16:24:00.000-08:00

Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer are not the same, although they are both considered serious. Some treatments may be similar, but not alike.

Lung cancers are divided into two groups:

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Small cell lung cancers comprise about 15% of all lung cancers diagnosed, and often begin in the bronchi near the center of the chest. This type of cancer is almost always caused by smoking.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancers comprise about 85% of all lung cancers diagnosed. There are 3 sub-types of non-small lung cancers: adenocarcinoma, usually found in the outer part of the lung; large-cell, which can start in any part of the lung; and squamous cell, which tends to be located near the bronchus, and is also linked to smoking.

If you have any doubt as to your diagnosis, always consult with your doctor.

PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA

2009-01-09T16:23:00.000-08:00

Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive form of cancer that originates in the mesothelial cells lining the pleura, a membrane that covers the lungs and lines the chest cavity. Approximately 75% of all mesotheliomas diagnosed are pleural mesotheliomas. Pleural mesothelioma is most commonly unilateral (on one side of the chest), and occurs most often in men age 60-80 with a history of asbestos exposure, often decades prior to diagnosis.

When pleural mesothelioma begins, it appears as a series of small white nodules which become diffuse, or widespread on the pleural surface. Gradually, these nodules begin to grow together and thicken, forming a “rind” that encases the lung and extends into the fissures or grooves of the pleura and the diaphragm. The tumor spreads by direct invasion of surrounding tissue, inwardly compressing the lung, and outwardly invading the chest wall and ribs.

Symptoms

The early symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are not, as a rule, specific enough to cause alarm, and in most cases are attributed to increasing age or overwork. Because of this, it may be several months from the onset of generalized symptoms until the first acute symptom, pleural effusion, occurs. At that time, progressive shortness of breath caused by the effusion, and chest pain caused by chest wall invasion may be in evidence. More general symptoms include dry cough, fatigue, night sweats and weight loss.

Diagnosis

On initial examination by a doctor, 80% to 95% of patients show pleural effusion on x-ray, the remaining percentage show little or no fluid. At first, the fluid is free-flowing, and is similar in appearance to that seen in other benign causes or in congestive heart failure, and because of this, these other possibilities are the first to be ruled out in the diagnostic process. Later, the effusion becomes “loculated”, or contained within a boundary in the pleural space, where the fluid does not move.

CT scans are more definitive, and may show not only the effusion, but the presence of pleural masses as well as the size certain lymph nodes; MRI is more sensitive in determining chest wall invasion and spread of disease through the diaphragm; PET may help in staging the disease for possible surgical resection by ruling out extension to the contralateral (opposite) lung or to other distant sites.

Analysis of pleural fluid yields a confirmed diagnosis in a relatively small percentage of patients, and needle biopsy offers only slightly better results. Today, the procedure of choice is the VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) procedure, which has a diagnostic yield of >95%, and allows for pleural biopsy, drainage of fluid and pleurodesis. VATS also ensures adequate tissue samples to facilitate a definitive diagnosis.

Staging

As with any type of cancer, staging plays a role in what treatment options a patient might be eligible for. Several staging systems are in use, however, the most widely used and most comprehensive is the TNM system associated with the International Mesothelioma Interest Group.

Treatment

Based on a number of factors, several treatment options may be available including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy (or combinations of all three, known as trimodal therapy), clinical trials, gene therapy, immunotherapy, etc. Once a diagnosis is reached, it is important that all possible options are discussed by the appropriate doctors, the patient and their family. Although pleural mesothelioma continues to be a difficult cancer to treat, more awareness of the disease, new and better diagnostics, and more successful treatment regimens help to improve its outlook.

PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA

2009-01-09T16:22:00.000-08:00

Peritoneal mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the abdominal cavity, is less common than the pleural form, comprising approximately one-fifth to one-third of the total number of mesothelioma cases diagnosed. According to the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, these diagnoses are approximately 54.7 per cent male versus 45.3 per cent female, with the median age being 65-69. The latency period appears to be shorter for asbestos-exposed individuals with symptoms appearing 20-30 years after exposure rather than the 30-40 year latency more commonly associated with pleural mesothelioma.

Symptoms

Clinical symptoms at the time of presentation may include abdominal pain, abdominal mass, increased abdominal girth, distention of the abdomen, ascites (fluid in the abdomen), fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia and digestive disturbances. Some patients complain of more non-specific symptoms for a number of months prior to a confirmed diagnosis. In a percentage of cases, peritoneal mesothelioma is found incidentally when the patient has sought help for another health problem such as gallbladder, hernia or pelvic mass.

Diagnosis

As with all mesotheliomas, the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma can be challenging. CT findings may help differentiate between the two clinical types of peritoneal mesothelioma, termed “dry” or “wet”, since their appearances are very different upon imaging. In the “dry” type, CT may reveal multiple small masses or a single dominant localized mass. There is normally little or no ascites. In the “wet” type, CT may reveal widespread small nodules, but no dominant mass. Ascites is usually present.

If fluid is present, it may be removed in a procedure called paracentesis. Unfortunately, as is the case with pleural mesothelioma, fluid analysis offers limited diagnostic value. It is normally a tissue biopsy obtained in a laproscopic exploratory that will yield a definitive diagnosis.

Staging

There is currently no established staging system for peritoneal mesothelioma, and if the disease is staged, it is normally done in accordance with the TNM system, the most common general cancer staging system. This system refers to the status of the tumor (T), lymph nodes (N) and metastases (M). There are general categories which may also be somewhat helpful in determining stage.

The first category shows a localized lesion able to be completely resected (entirely removed). In the second category, the disease is contained within the abdominal cavity on peritoneal and organ surfaces where debulking (the removal of as much, but not all of the tumor) is possible. Category three shows disease contained within the abdominal cavity with invasion of organs such as the colon or liver. Category four shows disease extending outside the abdominal cavity.

Treatment

In recent years, multimodality treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma has become more common for a select patient population, since surgery alone and/or intraperitoneal chemotherapy alone have proven to be similarly ineffective. Cytoreductive (debulking) surgery involves the removal of all or nearly all visible tumor, and, depending on the physician’s choice, may be combined with Intra-Peritoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (IPHC), intraperitoneal chemotherapy and/or radiation. Since it is not always possible to remove all tumors, the prognosis for long-term survival may be based on the completeness of cytoreduction as established by the following criteria:

Complete cytoreduction:

CC-0 No peritoneal seeding is visualized within the operative fields.

CC-1 Nodules of less than 2.5 cm persist after cytoreduction. Nodules of this size are thought to be penetrable by intracavitary chemotherapy, therefore cytoreduction is termed complete.

Imcomplete cytoreduction:

CC-2 Nodules of between 2.5 and 5 cm persist after cytoreduction.

CC-3 Nodules of greater than 5 cm or a merging of unresectable tumor nodules at any site within the abdomen or pelvis.

For patients found to have widespread disease, where surgery is not looked at as “potentially curative”, palliation of symptoms may be accomplished by debulking. Since peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignancy, specialized treatments should be conducted by doctors familiar with the disease.

MESOTHELIOMA COMMON QUESTIONS

2009-01-09T16:20:00.002-08:00

MESOTHELIOMA COMMON QUESTIONS

What is Mesothelioma?
The National Cancer Institute states that: "Malignant mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the sac lining the chest (the pleura), the lining of the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) or the lining around the heart (the pericardium)."

What is peritoneal mesothelioma?
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer of the lining of the abdominal cavity. This form of cancer makes up approximately one-fifth to one-third of the total number of mesothelioma cases diagnosed. More on peritoneal mesothelioma.

How do you get Mesothelioma?
Most people with malignant mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they breathed asbestos. Others have been exposed to asbestos in a household environment, often without knowing it. More about the different ways in which people have been exposed to asbestos.

How much exposure does it take to get the disease?
An exposure of as little as one or two months can result in mesothelioma 30 or 40 years later. Mesothelioma cause.

How long does it take after exposure for the disease to show up?
People exposed in the 1940s, 50s, 60s, and 70s are now being diagnosed with mesothelioma because of the long latency period of asbestos disease.

What is the prognosis for mesothelioma?
Like most cancers, the prognosis for this disease often depends on how early it is diagnosed and how aggressively it is treated. Click on Treatment Options to find out more about traditional and new approaches.

Is there any promising research or are there promising drugs for mesothelioma?
Research is being conducted at various cancer centers all over the United States as well as by pharmaceutical companies. To find more about these studies, click on Clinical Trials. To read abstracts of the latest journal articles on mesothelioma research and to access these articles, click on Medical Journal Articles; or Mesothelioma News for news articles. A recent study of Alimta showed patients living much longer with Alitma than other chemotherapy drugs.

Where can I find information on living with mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma Aid is a good website for resource for families dealing with mesothelioma. It includes advice and referrals to other resources for coping with cancer, caregiving, financial challenges, and support groups. Alternatively, contact us here at Mesothelioma Web for help finding resouces for living with this disease.

What kinds of other resources are available for people with mesothelioma?
There are numerous cancer web sites, some specific to mesothelioma. Because they are often difficult to locate, we have listed some relevant medical sites under Leading Cancer Links. We are always on the lookout for more so check our site often.

MESOTHELIOMA RISK FACTORS

2009-01-09T16:20:00.001-08:00

Anything that increases your chance of contracting a disease is considered a risk factor. Some examples would be strong exposure to sunlight as a risk factor for developing skin cancer, or smoking as a risk factor in developing lung cancer. In the case of mesothelioma, the primary risk factor is exposure to asbestos. Nevertheless, just as not everyone exposed to sunlight or smoke gets cancer, the same holds true for exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos, the name for a group of silicate fibers that occur naturally in the environment, was widely used in a variety of industrial products over a period of decades. Up to 8 million Americans may have been exposed at some point in their lives. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), up to 733,000 schools and other public buildings in the U.S. still contain asbestos insulation, and while most uses of asbestos have now been banned, there are still some asbestos-containing products on the market.

Asbestos has been used commercially since the late 1800s, however, its use was greatly increased during the World War II era when shipyards constructing warships were in full swing. Even today, statistics show that the highest number of malignant mesothelioma cases diagnosed are in coastal areas where shipyards were in operation. Other at-risk trades include construction workers (particularly those who installed insulation), factory workers, mine and mill workers and railroad workers. It has also been proven that family members of exposed workers are at increased risk for developing mesothelioma because of secondary exposure to fiber brought into the home on the clothing, hair or skin of those who worked with or around asbestos products. For those ultimately diagnosed with mesothelioma, it may be 20 to 50 or more years to the onset of symptoms, and risk does not appear to diminish with time B — it is lifelong.

While the vast majority of mesotheliomas diagnosed are linked to asbestos exposure, there is the occasional report of patients with a history of Hodgkin's disease contracting mesothelioma as a result of their radiation therapy. In these cases, mesothelioma develops on an average of 15 years post-treatment, and is most often located at the site of the radiated fields.

Immunohistochemical Markers for Mesothelioma

2008-12-25T00:36:00.000-08:00

A diagnosis of any specific type of cancer often means ruling out other cancers in the process. This is true in the case of mesothelioma, where the most common “differential diagnosis” is that of adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma.

During the biopsy procedure, the surgeon removes tissue samples to be sent to the laboratory. In the lab, slides are produced and then viewed and analyzed by a pathologist. These tissue specimens arrive at the lab with a request form that details patient information and history along with a description of the site in the body from which the specimen was obtained. Each individual specimen is numbered for each patient.

The pathologist then does a “gross examination” which consists of describing the tissue, and then placing it in a plastic cassette. The cassettes are then placed in a fixative that preserves the tissue permanently. Once the tissue has been fixed, it is processed into a paraffin block that will allow the pathologist to slice off thin microscopic sections that will then be stained to determine the patient’s diagnosis.

Immunohistochemistry is defined as “a method of analyzing and identifying cell types based on the binding of antibodies to specific components of the cell”. It is this process that helps diagnose mesothelioma versus adenocarcinoma (or other types of cancer).

Early on, the “markers” which helped distinguish mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma were “negative markers”; those expressed in adenocarcinomas, but not in mesotheliomas. This made it more difficult to confirm a diagnosis, because pathologists were dealing with the absence of, rather than the presence of certain markers. Some of these markers, which are normally “positive” in an adenocarcinoma diagnosis and “negative” in a mesothelioma diagnosis, are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CD 15 (LeuM1), epithelial glycoprotein (Bg8), tumor glycoprotein (BerEp4) and tumor glycoprotein (MOC-31).

In more recent years, “positive markers” expressed by mesotheliomas have come to the forefront. Some of the markers which are normally “positive” in mesotheliomas and “negative” in adenocarcincomas are calretinin, cytokeratin 5, HBME-1, mesothelin, N-cadherin, thrombomodulin, vimentin and Wilm’s tumor gene product (WT-1).

It is important to remember that while the above markers are commonly used to help diagnose the epithelial sub-type of mesothelioma, that they may also be expressed in other types of cancer, and may not necessarily apply to the bi-phasic or sarcomatoid sub-types of mesothelioma. Your doctor can always contact a more specialized lab if he/she feels your diagnosis is in any way inconclusive.

Pathology and The Role of Pathologists in the Diagnostic Process

2008-12-25T00:35:00.000-08:00

Pathology, or the scientific study of cells, tissue, or fluid taken from the body is an integral part of a mesothelioma diagnosis. Most hospitals have their own pathology labs staffed by board-certified pathologists and licensed technologists. The importance of pathological diagnosis can not be underestimated, since the course of treatment is dependent upon an accurate diagnosis.

To make a diagnosis, pathologists examine tissue under a microscope, and based on established criteria, make a determination of benign vs. malignant cells. (More on biopsy tissue processing.) Subsequently, the type of cancer is determined. Although most pathologists have a general expertise of various diseases, a small number acquire training in a subspecialty, such as mesothelioma. These are physicians who have received world-wide recognition as premier experts, and have achieved high acclaim for their research, published articles and abstracts, and teaching. For a list of expert pathologists in the field of mesothelioma diagnosis, please call the MW toll free at 1-877-367-6376 or fill in the form at the bottom of this page specifying your request.

Knowing the stage is a factor in helping the doctor form a treatment plan. Mesothelioma is considered localized if the cancer is confined to the pleura, or advanced if it has spread beyond the pleura to other parts of the body such as the lungs, chest wall, abdominal cavity, or lymph nodes.

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

2008-12-25T00:34:00.000-08:00

How is mesothelioma diagnosed?

A diagnosis of mesothelioma is most often obtained with careful assessment of clinical and radiological findings in addition to a confirming tissue biopsy. (Learn about typical mesothelioma symptoms.) A review of the patient's medical history, including history of asbestos exposure is taken, followed by a complete physical examination, x-rays of the chest or abdomen, and lung function tests. A CT scan or MRI may also be done at this time. If any of these preliminary tests prove suspicious for mesothelioma; a biopsy is necessary to confirm this diagnosis.
Imaging Techniques and Their Value in Diagnosing and Assessing Mesothelioma

There are several imaging techniques which may prove useful when mesothelioma is suspected due to the presence of pleural effusion combined with a history of occupational or secondary asbestos exposure. While these imaging techniques can be valuable in assessing the possibility of the cancer, definitive diagnosis is still most often established through fluid diagnosis or tissue biopsy.

Some of the most commonly used imaging methods include:

• X-ray

A chest x-ray can reveal pleural effusion (fluid build-up) which is confined to either the right (60%) or left (40%) lung. On occasion, a mass may be seen. Signs of prior non-cancerous asbestos disease, such as pleural plaques or pleural calcification, or scarring due to asbestosis may also be noted.

• Computed Tomography (CT)

CT scans are also able to define pleural effusion, as well as pleural thickening, pleural calcification, thickening of interlobular fissures, or possible chest wall invasion. CT, however, is not able to differentiate between changes associated with benign asbestos disease (pleural disease), or differentiate between adenocarcinoma of the lung wh

ich may have spread to the pleura verses mesothelioma. CT scans may also be valuable in guiding fine needle aspiration of pleural masses for tissue diagnosis.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI scans are most often used to determine the extent of tumor prior to aggressive treatment. Because they provide images in multiple planes, they are better able to identify tumors as opposed to normal structures. They are also more accurate than CT scans in assessing enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes (those lymph nodes which lie between the two lungs), as well as a clear diaphragmatic surface, both of which play an important role in surgical candidacy.

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

PET imaging is now becoming an important part of the diagnosis and evaluation of mesothelioma. While PET scans are more expensive than other types of imaging, and are not always covered under insurance, they are now considered to be the most diagnostic of tumor sites, as well as the most superior in determining the staging of mesothelioma. Further explanation of PET scans.

• CT/PET

For patients who may be candidates for aggressive multimodality treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiation), accurate clinical staging is extremely important. Integrated CT/PET imaging provides a relatively new tool in this respect, and has become the imaging technique of choice for determining surgical eligibility. By combining the benefits of CT and PET (anatomic and metabolic information) into a single scan, this technology can more accurately determine the stage of the cancer, and can help identify the best treatment option for the patient. Read about a study of CT-PET imaging in preoperative evaluation of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

A needle biopsy of the mass, or the removal and examination of the fluid surrounding the lung, may be used for diagnosis, however, because these samples are sometimes inadequate as far as determining cell type (epithelial, sarcomatous, or mixed) or because of the unreliability of fluid diagnosis, open pleural biopsy may be recommended. In a pleural biopsy procedure, a surgeon will make a small incision through the chest wall and insert a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. He will then remove a sample of tissue to be reviewed under a microscope by a pathologist. In a peritoneal biopsy, the doctor makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity.

Once mesothelioma is suspected through imaging tests, it is confirmed by pathological examination. Tissue is removed, put under the microscope, and a pathologist makes a definitive diagnosis, and issues a pathology report. This is the end of a process that usually begins with symptoms that send most people to the doctor: a fluid build-up or pleural effusions, shortness of breath, pain in the chest, or pain or swelling in the abdomen. The doctor may order an x-ray or CT scan of the chest or abdomen. If further examination is warranted, the following tests may be done:
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)

Over the past decade, the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become one of the most widely used tools in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Biopsies of the pleural lining, nodules, masses and pleural fluid can now easily be obtained using this minimally invasive procedure, and other therapies such as pleurodesis (talc) for pleural effusions can be done concurrently.While the patient is under general anesthesia, several small incisions or “ports” are made through the chest wall. The surgeon then inserts a small camera, via a scope, into one incision, and other surgical instruments used to retrieve tissue samples into the other incisions. By looking at a video screen showing the camera images, the surgeon is able to complete whatever procedures are necessary

In many cases, this video-assisted technique is able to replace thoracotomy, which requires a much larger incision to gain access to the chest cavity, and because it is minimally invasive, the patient most often has less post-operative pain and a potentially shorter recovery period.
Thoracoscopy

For pleural mesothelioma the doctor may look inside the chest cavity with a special instrument called a thoracoscope. A cut will be made through the chest wall and the thoracoscope will be put into the chest between two ribs. This test is usually done in a hospital with a local anesthetic or painkiller.

If fluid has collected in your chest, your doctor may drain the fluid out of your body by putting a needle into your chest and use gentle suction to remove the fluid. This is called thoracentesis.
Peritoneoscopy

For peritoneal mesothelioma the doctor may also look inside the abdomen with a special tool called a peritoneoscope. The peritoneoscope is put into an opening made in the abdomen. This test is usually done in the hospital under a local anesthetic.

If fluid has collected in your abdomen, your doctor may drain the fluid out of your body by putting a needle into your abdomen and using gentle suction to remove the fluid. This process is called paracentesis.
Biopsy

If abnormal tissue is found, the doctor will need to cut out a small piece and have it looked at under a microscope. This is usually done during the thoracoscopy or peritoneoscopy, but can be done during surgery. More on needle biopsies

Informed Consent

2008-12-25T00:33:00.000-08:00

If you and your health care provider have discussed the possibility of enrolling in a mesothelioma clinical trial, and you have found a trial for which you meet the eligibility requirements, you will need more detailed information in order to make a decision on whether or not to participate. This involves understanding all aspects of the trial including its risks and benefits, as well as your rights and responsibilities as a patient. The presentation and discussion of these issues is called "informed consent".

Informed consent goes beyond your signature on a form, however, and also includes a process that will provide you with ongoing explanations that will help you decide whether to begin or to continue the clinical trial once you have enrolled. Before you make your decision, the investigators conducting the trial will discuss with you:
Purpose of the trial.
Treatment procedures and schedule.
Potential risks and benefits.
Alternatives to trial participation.
Explanation of your rights as a participant.

If you agree to enter the trial, you give your official consent by signing the informed consent document. Once enrolled, the research team will give you frequent updates that may affect your situation, and you will always have an opportunity to ask whatever questions you might have and to address any concerns, therefore, informed consent is an ongoing, interactive process between you and the investigative team.

Paracentesis in diagnosis of mesothelioma

2008-12-25T00:30:00.000-08:00

The peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity. This lining supports all of the abdominal organs and provides protection from infection. The very surface of the inside of the peritoneum normally produces a very small amount of fluid known as peritoneal fluid. It is this small amount of fluid that allows the organs in the abdomen to move against one another without discomfort or friction. Certain conditions within the abdomen can cause excessive buildup of the peritoneal fluid, creating discomfort for the patient. At times samples of this fluid are used to obtain a diagnosis of certain conditions.

A procedure called Paracentesis is performed to obtain a sample or drain fluid from the abdomen. Normally, a patient's abdomen has little or no fluid at all. A large collection of fluid can be a symptom of a problem, including possible mesothelioma. Excess peritoneal fluid can create significant discomfort for the patient. Paracentesis reveals infection, tumors (cancerous or non-cancerous), appendicitis, cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatic disease, kidney disease, heart disease, or a damaged bowel. Paracentesis allows the physician to identify the cause of fluid accumulation, identify infected abdominal fluid, or to drain large amounts of fluid that is creating discomfort.

The procedure is done by inserting a needle or catheter into the peritoneal cavity, whereby fluid is removed for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. The procedure is generally safe and is usually completed in the doctor's office, as an out-patient at the hospital or clinic.

There are two types of Paracentesis or abdominal taps: diagnostic (where a syringe of fluid is withdrawn to be sent to the lab and tested) and large volume (drainage of fluid buildup in order to relieve abdominal discomfort).
What to Expect

An ultrasound scan is usually done before starting the procedure in order to mark the spot for the paracentesis and to measure the distance past the skin to the fluid. The risks, benefits, and alternatives will be thoroughly explained to the patient so that an informed consent can be obtained. The patient will then need to empty the bladder. Patients lie on their backs and expose the abdomen in order for the procedure site to be cleansed, shaved and an antiseptic solution, such as Betadine, will be applied along with sterile drapes. The physician will numb the site by injecting a local anesthetic to a small area of skin.

A tap needle or a bore needle (needle with a plastic sheath), is then be inserted approximately 1 to 2 inches (2 to 5 cm) in order to reach the peritoneal fluid. At times a small incision is made to assist with the insertion of the needle. The needle is then removed leaving behind the plastic sheath or tube for drainage of the abdominal fluids. Fluid can be drained by flow of gravity or a vacuum bottle may be used. It is not unusual for 5 to 10 liters to withdrawn.

If a fluid sample is needed, than a syringe is used to simply withdraw the needed fluid for mesothelioma diagnosis. Next the needle or sheath is removed and the puncture site is bandaged. In the case that an incision was needed, a couple of stitches may be used for closure of the wound.

The patient's blood pressure will be monitored with the drainage of excess fluid, since low blood pressure can result from extensive drainage. In the case of hypotension or low blood pressure, an albumin IV may be used. An albumin IV is given to avoid intra vascular fluid shift and renal failure when such a large amounts of abdominal fluid are removed.

The patient may feel some slight stinging sensations from the local anesthetic or numbing medication. There will also be some pressure as the needle is inserted and if large amounts of fluid are withdrawn, patients can feel dizzy or lightheaded upon sitting up. All in all, paracentesis is a fairly complication free procedure, although there is a slight chance of a possible needle puncture to a blood vessel. And, of course, as with any surgical procedure there is always a slight chance of infection.

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation

2008-12-25T00:29:00.000-08:00

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation

Intracavitary hyperthermic tumor ablation is a treatment that uses directed heat to destroy cancer cells in tumors. This is a method of destroying the tumor without actually removing it, sometimes replacing more invasive techniques. Also called Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) because microwaves are used to generate the heart, this techniquw is often done in patients when surgery is not an option, or when surgery or other treatments have failed. This method has become a major treatment approach for small tumors for which operative intervention is often dangerous. While RFA can be used to treat various tumors (brain, pancreas, lung, breast, etc.), it is currently primarily used in the treatment of liver cancer. While not considered a cure, survival rates due to RFA can equal those of other treatments.

The RFA procedure provides a non-surgical, non-drug option for the treatment of mesothelioma tumors. It allows for controlled treatment of the cancerous cells without damaging surrounding tissue. RFA is a minimally invasive procedure usually performed on an outpatient basis using conscious sedation (patient is awake, but drowsy and numb). This can be performed by an interventional radiologist in hospitals, physician offices, or other treatment centers. RFA treatment can take as little as 15 minutes or as long as several hours, depending on the tumor specifics (size, location, and number) and any unexpected complications.
The procedure involves the use of high-energy radio waves which produce very high heat that effectively “cooks” the cancerous tumor. The radio waves are actually a high-frequency alternating current produced by an electrical generator. This current is passed through a needle-like probe with an electrode tip. This probe is controlled by a radiologist who places the tip into the tumor and delivers the current directly into the cancerous cells. Prior to insertion of the probe, the tumor is located by use of ultrasound, CT, or MRI equipment. This same equipment is then used by the radiologist to guide the probe for proper administration and destruction of the cancerous cells.

As with all treatments, there are risks associated with RFA. Although rare, one potential risk is that of the needle puncturing an organ, which could require reparative surgery. In RFA lung treatment, there is a potential risk of pneumothorax (air or gas in the chest) which could need to be drained with a chest tube. Minor risks include infection, bruising or bleeding at the probe insertion site.

RFA is sometimes used to treat other conditions including, but not limited to, irregular heartbeats, snoring, and arthritis pain. However, when radiofrequency ablation is used in treating these conditions, the radio waves are used to administer a manipulated electrical charge rather than the intense heat involved in hyperthermic ablation.
Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy is an adjuvant cancer therapy where a patient’s body temperature is raised in specific areas prior to or in conjunction with another form of cancer treatment. By inducing localized hyperthermia infected cells are more prone to undergo apoptosis because they have a compact and less effective vascular structure which cannot process temperature increases as efficiently as healthy cells. If they do not die from the induction of heat, the rise in temperature may cause the diseased cells to become more susceptible to radiation and certain chemotherapy treatments.

PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA

2008-12-25T00:27:00.000-08:00

PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA

Peritoneal mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the abdominal cavity, is less common than the pleural form, comprising approximately one-fifth to one-third of the total number of mesothelioma cases diagnosed. According to the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, these diagnoses are approximately 54.7 per cent male versus 45.3 per cent female, with the median age being 65-69. The latency period appears to be shorter for asbestos-exposed individuals with symptoms appearing 20-30 years after exposure rather than the 30-40 year latency more commonly associated with pleural mesothelioma.
Symptoms

Clinical symptoms at the time of presentation may include abdominal pain, abdominal mass, increased abdominal girth, distention of the abdomen, ascites (fluid in the abdomen), fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia and digestive disturbances. Some patients complain of more non-specific symptoms for a number of months prior to a confirmed diagnosis. In a percentage of cases, peritoneal mesothelioma is found incidentally when the patient has sought help for another health problem such as gallbladder, hernia or pelvic mass.
Diagnosis

As with all mesotheliomas, the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma can be challenging. CT findings may help differentiate between the two clinical types of peritoneal mesothelioma, termed “dry” or “wet”, since their appearances are very different upon imaging. In the “dry” type, CT may reveal multiple small masses or a single dominant localized mass. There is normally little or no ascites. In the “wet” type, CT may reveal widespread small nodules, but no dominant mass. Ascites is usually present.

If fluid is present, it may be removed in a procedure called paracentesis. Unfortunately, as is the case with pleural mesothelioma, fluid analysis offers limited diagnostic value. It is normally a tissue biopsy obtained in a laproscopic exploratory that will yield a definitive diagnosis.
Staging

There is currently no established staging system for peritoneal mesothelioma, and if the disease is staged, it is normally done in accordance with the TNM system, the most common general cancer staging system. This system refers to the status of the tumor (T), lymph nodes (N) and metastases (M). There are general categories which may also be somewhat helpful in determining stage.

The first category shows a localized lesion able to be completely resected (entirely removed). In the second category, the disease is contained within the abdominal cavity on peritoneal and organ surfaces where debulking (the removal of as much, but not all of the tumor) is possible. Category three shows disease contained within the abdominal cavity with invasion of organs such as the colon or liver. Category four shows disease extending outside the abdominal cavity.
Treatment

In recent years, multimodality treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma has become more common for a select patient population, since surgery alone and/or intraperitoneal chemotherapy alone have proven to be similarly ineffective. Cytoreductive (debulking) surgery involves the removal of all or nearly all visible tumor, and, depending on the physician’s choice, may be combined with Intra-Peritoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (IPHC), intraperitoneal chemotherapy and/or radiation. Since it is not always possible to remove all tumors, the prognosis for long-term survival may be based on the completeness of cytoreduction as established by the following criteria:
Complete cytoreduction:

CC-0 No peritoneal seeding is visualized within the operative fields.

CC-1 Nodules of less than 2.5 cm persist after cytoreduction. Nodules of this size are thought to be penetrable by intracavitary chemotherapy, therefore cytoreduction is termed complete.
Imcomplete cytoreduction:

CC-2 Nodules of between 2.5 and 5 cm persist after cytoreduction.

CC-3 Nodules of greater than 5 cm or a merging of unresectable tumor nodules at any site within the abdomen or pelvis.

For patients found to have widespread disease, where surgery is not looked at as “potentially curative”, palliation of symptoms may be accomplished by debulking. Since peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignancy, specialized treatments should be conducted by doctors familiar with the disease.

MESOTHELIOMA COMMON QUESTIONS

2008-12-25T00:26:00.000-08:00

What is Mesothelioma?
The National Cancer Institute states that: "Malignant mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the sac lining the chest (the pleura), the lining of the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) or the lining around the heart (the pericardium)."

What is peritoneal mesothelioma?
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer of the lining of the abdominal cavity. This form of cancer makes up approximately one-fifth to one-third of the total number of mesothelioma cases diagnosed. More on peritoneal mesothelioma.

How do you get Mesothelioma?
Most people with malignant mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they breathed asbestos. Others have been exposed to asbestos in a household environment, often without knowing it. More about the different ways in which people have been exposed to asbestos.

How much exposure does it take to get the disease?
An exposure of as little as one or two months can result in mesothelioma 30 or 40 years later. Mesothelioma cause.

How long does it take after exposure for the disease to show up?
People exposed in the 1940s, 50s, 60s, and 70s are now being diagnosed with mesothelioma because of the long latency period of asbestos disease.

What is the prognosis for mesothelioma?
Like most cancers, the prognosis for this disease often depends on how early it is diagnosed and how aggressively it is treated. Click on Treatment Options to find out more about traditional and new approaches.

Is there any promising research or are there promising drugs for mesothelioma?
Research is being conducted at various cancer centers all over the United States as well as by pharmaceutical companies. To find more about these studies, click on Clinical Trials. To read abstracts of the latest journal articles on mesothelioma research and to access these articles, click on Medical Journal Articles; or Mesothelioma News for news articles. A recent study of Alimta showed patients living much longer with Alitma than other chemotherapy drugs.

Where can I find information on living with mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma Aid is a good website for resource for families dealing with mesothelioma. It includes advice and referrals to other resources for coping with cancer, caregiving, financial challenges, and support groups. Alternatively, contact us here at Mesothelioma Web for help finding resouces for living with this disease.

What kinds of other resources are available for people with mesothelioma?
There are numerous cancer web sites, some specific to mesothelioma. Because they are often difficult to locate, we have listed some relevant medical sites under Leading Cancer Links. We are always on the lookout for more so check our site often.

Mesothelioma Treatment

2008-12-07T19:46:00.000-08:00

There are three main methods of Mesothelioma treatment: Surgery, Radiation treatment and Chemotherapy.

Surgery: Surgery for Mesothelioma will generally involve removing the affected area and some of the tissues around it. Parts of the organs may also need to be removed if the cancer is in a more advanced stage. The most common types of surgery involved with Mesothelioma cases are a pleurectomy where parts of the chest or abdominal lining are removed, a pneumonectomy where a lung is removed, or an extrapleural pneumonectomy where the lung, lining and diaphragm are removed.

Radiation Treatment: Radiation treatment for Mesothelioma involves either the internal or external use of radiation therapy in order to kill cancer cells and so reduce the size of the tumor.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the use of certain drugs to kill the cancerous cells. The drugs are very strong and as a consequence paitients may suffer severe nausea and hair loss

PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA

2008-12-07T19:44:00.000-08:00

Peritoneal mesothelioma can be either malignant (cancerous) or benign (non cancerous). On this page we will be discussing malignant peritonneal meseothelioma.

Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the peritoneum. This is the Mesothelium surrounding the organs in the abdomen.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancerous tumor on the peritoneum. About 20% of all mesotheliom cases affect the peritoneum.

By far the main risk factor for peritonel mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. However, it maybe many years after the exposure before the cancer develops. Asbestos fibers can get into the peritoneum through swallowing them. It is also possible to inhale them and for the fibers to then travel to the peritoneum through the lymphatic system.

Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include abdonmial pain, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling, weight loss, weakness and nausea.

As the cancer progresses, fluid can build up in the abdomen. This is known as ascites. As the tumor gets larger it can put pressure on the other organs in the abdominal cavity. This can often lead to problems with the bowel. The growth of the tumor can also give difficulties with breathing and can cause pain as the tumor presses on sensitive areas.

A biopsy is usually required in order to make a full diagnosis. This will often be done during a peritoneoscopy - the procedure used to look inside the peritoneum. The biopsy sample will then be examined by a pathologist.

Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. The success of these often depends on how early the cancer is detected and treated.

Type And Treatments for Mesothelioma

2008-12-07T19:34:00.000-08:00

Let’s hope that the day is near when no sign of Mesothelioma will be present in the human civilization. But now when the disease is taking a dangerous shape, all of us must become aware of it. How many types of Mesothelioma can attack your body and what type of treatments can be availed? This is something quite preliminary and each one of us must have knowledge about it.

Cancer Information

Three types of Mesothelioma

* Pleural Mesothelioma
* Peritoneal Mesothelioma
* Pericardial Mesothelioma

These are the three types of Mesothelioma cancer known till date in cancer information and among them the Pleural Mesothelioma is the most widespread whereas the Pericardial Mesothelioma is the rare type. A mere group of 5 percent becomes the victim of this rare type of cancer.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural Mesothelioma is the most known form of Mesothelioma affecting the workers of the asbestos industries. The Mesothelium covering around the lungs beneath your chest is badly affected by the asbestos dust.

The treatment

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are the most appropriate means of treating the Pleural Mesothelioma patients. Better ways of treatment are under research and may be they can help the patient to get fully cured.

Information On What is Mesothelioma

2008-12-07T19:33:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is an uncommon form of cancer, usually associated with previous exposure to asbestos. Signs and symptoms of the disease include among other things, shortness of breath and rapid unexpected weight loss as in patients with Mesothelioma, nutrients in the blood stream cannot always be absorbed resulting in malnutrition and weight loss.

Mesothelioma

Aside from Mesothelioma, these people can acquire asbestosis, a non-cancerous chronic lung sickness and other forms of cancer of the lungs, cancer of the larynx and kidney. There are treatments used to keep the patient comfortable, but there is currently no cure for mesothelioma. Erionite fibres were found in biopsies of lungs of the mesothelioma cancer afflicted people.

The physicians empanelled by mesothelioma treatment support groups analyze each patient. A legal counseling along with aid from housing, utilities, transportation, accurate medical treatment, pharmaceutical supplies and services should be the prime motto of mesothelioma support. The compensation could be millions of dollars for victims of mesothelioma who have been exposed to asbestos.

Because mesothelioma is caused by direct exposure to asbestos or asbestos dust, and nearly 30 million tons of asbestos was used in buildings of every description until the mid 1970’s, it has kept Mesothelioma lawyers in high demand, as they pursue Mesothelioma settlements for the victims and their families. Approximately 2,000 to 3,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed each year in the United States alone.

The Benefits Of Cancer Information Are Enormous

2008-12-07T19:32:00.000-08:00

Finding out you or someone that you love has been diagnosed with cancer is to say the very least a devastating blow. It will become not only a hard road emotionally, physically but also financially. This is why you need to find as much cancer information as you can. This may be in the form of advice and support from doctors, counselors, specific cancer organizations, family and friends including other cancer sufferers as well. Talking to people who have been in the same situation as yourself can be an enormous support and also a wonderful source of cancer information can be shared.

Cancer Information

Apart from speaking to people in person there are other ways to gain more info about this situation. There are many books that you can read both for the patient and or families and friends. I suppose the easiest way to find out more is on the internet. In the U.S alone there are many websites that are full of relevant cancer information. To start with you have the American Cancer Society.

This is where speaking to people in the same situation will be helpful. There are forums and chat rooms that will give you the opportunity to speak to some of these people. It can be very positive to speak to someone who has gone through what you are and now have fully recovered. Just being able to talk about medications and treatments with someone who really understands can be an amazing therapeutic comfort.

Another good reason to find as much cancer information as possible is to find out other forms of treatments that may be able to help you either on their own or as a combination along side of the usual forms. Usually at this time in someone’s life things become very confusing with all the medical jargon as well as all the emotional turmoil and the often draining effects of medication and treatments to be able to think properly.

Pleural Mesothelioma: Cancer of the Lining of the Lungs

2008-12-07T19:31:00.000-08:00

If you look in a medical dictionary you will read that a disease that affects the lining of the lungs, or lung pleura is called pleural mesothelioma. Often times you may hear physicians describe this type of mesothelioma as cancer of the pleura. A fairly generalized misunderstanding of pleural mesothelioma is that it a form of primary lung cancer and this I not the case.

Mesothelioma

In actuality, pleural mesothelioma affects the serous membranes of the lungs and thus the cancer settles into these membranes which line a number of organs located around the body’s midsection - including the lungs. What is common about this cancer is that it the serous membranes of the lungs are most often affected and when this occurs, someone is said to have pleural mesothelioma.

It is common to hear the term asbestos related lung cancer. To be scientifically accurate this is a misnomer because mesothelioma does not originate in the lungs - it originates in the lining or membrane surrounding the lungs. A very common confusion is made with the diagnosis called Asbestosis which is a type of asbestos lung disease that does originate in the lungs so it is not surprising it is mistaken for mesothelioma.

As mentioned earlier in cancer information, the serous membrane can be affected in organs other than the lungs and when this occurs in the abdomen, the disease is known as peritoneal mesothelioma. Pericardial mesothelioma is another disease caused when the serous membrane surrounding the heart is cancerous

Mesothelioma Cancer Information section

2008-12-07T19:30:00.000-08:00

Diagnosis of Mesothelioma cancer is very difficult in many cases, because its symptoms can be associated with other diseases too. The diagnosis of mesothelioma cancer is very difficult in many cases because their symptoms may be associated with other diseases as well. Hence patient’s medical history is quite important to know, since if there was an exposure to asbestos from the sick person, the risk factors for developing Mesothelioma are greater. Therefore the patient’s medical history is very important to know, because if there was an exposure to asbestos from the sick person, the risk factors for the development of mesothelioma are higher.

Mesothelioma

The doctor will order you a physical examination, including chest x-rays and abdomen, and lung function tests. The doctor will order a physical exam, including chest and abdomen X-rays and lung function tests.

A computerized tomography (CT) or a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan may be useful, along with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The way to confirm a diagnosis Mesothelioma is a biopsy in cancer information, in which an Oncologist or a doctor specialized in diagnosing and treating cancer Rehabilitation takes a sample of tissue from the patient to examine it under a microscope.

The biopsy may be performed in various ways. The biopsy can be done in several ways. In a thoracoscopy the name of the biopsy if the cancer is in the chest the doctor makes a small cut through the patient’s chest and inserted tube called a thoracoscope to look inside and take tissue samples for getting cancer information.

The stage of the disease is important to know if cancer is metastasized to other parts of the body, and to apply the best treatment for the patient. The stage of the disease, it is important to find out whether the cancer metastasized to other parts of the body, and implement the best treatment for the patient.

COX2 and bladder cancer

2008-12-07T19:28:00.000-08:00

In Cancer Information, Various works have recently helped to clarify the molecular mechanisms at the origin of urothelial carcinomas. Many players have been identified, including growth factors (EGF, TGFa, TGFß), molecules involved in apoptosis (BCL2), the pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, prostaglandins), of adhesion molecules (E complex -Cadherin-ß-catenin-APC) or others involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases.

Cancer Information

The first to identify therapeutic possibilities of NSAIDs for chemoprevention of bladder cancer information in a mouse model [27]. They showed that after the induction of urothelial cancer by a derivative of nitrosamine, taking a concomitant NSAIDs could reduce by more than 70% tumor growth compared to untreated group. This data was also confirmed with the use of celecoxib, a specific inhibitor of COX2 [28].

All these elements combine to give an important role to COX2 in the development of urothelial carcinomas. That is why some groups have studied the action of COX2 inhibitors on cell lines (UM-UC1, UM-UC3, TPN4 56 37 and T24) urothelial tumors. They showed that the treatment induces apoptosis of tumor cells, thus inhibiting their growth. The inhibition of COX2 has become a new avenue of research for the prevention and treatment of urothelial cancer [32-35]. The use of inhibitors may reduce the risk of recurrence of low grade tumors and superficial. Patients at high risk of recurrence or progression (PT1 G3 or pta G3), could be addressed by the use of BCG intravésical and a COX2 inhibitor.In Cancer Information, this type of Phase II-III is currently underway at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston (USA)

Types of mesothelioma

2008-12-07T19:27:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is a cancer that usually presents in the form and results in malignant tumors in vital organs and around the body. The actual medical definition of “mesothelioma” is “cancer of the mesothelium.” Mesothelium What is the bag lines and protects vital organs like the heart and lungs. Mesothelioma is the result of exposure to asbestos and generally comes in three forms: pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma, and pericardial mesothelioma. Tragically, the symptoms of all types of mesothelioma do not manifest until several years, even decades, after exposure to asbestos. That makes it difficult to diagnose the disease, and it is often too late to treat the patient as soon as the diagnosis is made.

Pleural mesothelioma

This is the most common form of the disease, it occurs when the cancer reaches the lungs and cavity lining and protection of the lungs. Sufferers May experience difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, persistent cough, weight loss, fever, cough up blood and rasping.

Peritoneal mesothelioma

The most rare form of mesothelioma is peritoneal mesothelioma. It is here that affects the cancer of the stomach and abdomen. The cancer can start in the abdominal area and spread to other parts of the body, but the tumors that press against the wall of the abdomen can cause some or all of the following symptoms: abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, respiratory problems, chest pain, bowel obstruction, anemia, fever, and blood clotting abnormalities.

Pericardial mesothelioma

This is the rarest form of the disease, and that’s when the cancer reaches the heart and surrounding the chamber. The tumors affecting suffer this type can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, persistent cough, and heart palpitations.

Other diseases related to asbestos

There are also cases of illnesses linked to asbestos as asbestosis and who have respiratory problems derived from exposure to this potentially fatal material. Anyone who has worked with asbestos should see their doctor if they have any appearance of this type of problem or if they are interested and have doubts.

Asbestos in Causing Serious Problems in People.

2008-12-07T18:32:00.000-08:00

If you, a family member, or friend has suffered Mesothelioma or Lung Cancer, due to exposure to asbestos, there is a chance you qualify for monetary compensation from the manufacturer. Don’t hesitate to seek justice for the damages you or your loved ones have suffered!

What is Mesothelioma?

Malignant mesothelioma (pronounced “mez-o-theel-e-oh-ma”), also known as “asbestos cancer,” is a rare form of cancer found in the lining of the chest, lungs, or abdomen.

This lining is called the mesothelium and is where mesothelioma gets its name.

Because tumors of the mesothelium are rarely benign (noncancerous), malignant (cancerous) mesothelioma is usually referred to as simply the shortened “mesothelioma” or, in casual terms, simply “meso.”

The mesothelium covers various organs in the body protecting them and allowing organs to move against each other as the lungs expand and contract or the heart beats. The mesothelium surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity is called the pleura, so mesothelioma affecting the cells lining the sacs surrounding the chest or lungs is referred to as pleural mesothelioma. When the cancer affects the abdominal lining, or peritoneum, that is peritoneal mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma occurs when cells within the mesothelium become abnormal and divide uncontrollably. If not caught early enough, the cancer may metastasize, spreading to other organs of the body. Mesothelioma is a very aggressive form of cancer, but several treatment options are available.

Asbestos Removal Critical for Health and Safety.

2008-12-07T18:30:00.000-08:00

A recent article from the National Mesothelioma Center reports about the dangers of asbestos. Asbestos is a mineral with long fibrous crystals which has been used for more than a century as a form of building insulation and piping. Asbestos became popular in the late 19th century due to being resistant to heat and other deteriorating conditions.

Homes or buildings which were constructed before 1980 have a potential to harbor and contain asbestos. It is extremely important to make sure the location has been tested for levels of these chemicals by abatement contractors. Citizens of Florida should be aware that exposure to asbestos fibers become a health concern when high levels are inhaled over a long period of time.

Failure to inspect the property can make you and your family susceptible to asbestos related diseases such as peritoneal mesothelioma and pericardial mesothelioma. These types of cancer take the lives of thousands each year. With limited treatment and poor prognosis, these asbestos lung cancers kill more people than any other work related disease.

After decades of misinformation and repression of the truth, property owners, workers and real estate agents all over the world are now receiving the proper indications and information towards the risks that they face.

With increasing awareness and technology, there are a variety of insulation alternatives and building materials which easily replace the need for asbestos. The United Nations Environmental Program states that the use of recycled building materials such as cotton fiber insulation can reduce energy use by 25% to 35%. These asbestos alternatives allow for a clean, healthy environment, free of health damaging materials

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLEURAL AND PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA

2008-12-07T18:27:00.000-08:00

Does a chill of fright hover on you when the very thought of Mesothelioma cancer comes to your mind? Mesothelioma is definitely a dangerous disease whose last word is death. It is quite obvious that you will be worried at the very thought of it.
Among the different types of Mesothelioma, the Pleural and the Peritoneal Mesothelioma hit the common list. Among them again the Pleural type of Mesothelioma cancer is the most widely spread. Around eighty percent patients suffering from Mesothelioma actually are patients of Pleural Mesothelioma.
It is nearly ten percent of the patient population coming under Peritoneal Mesothelioma. The risk factors in both these types of Mesothelioma re more or less the same. Till date no definite cure has been put forward by the Medical Science to heal these patients. There are treatments that can only be supportive for resistance.
Basic criteria of difference
Pleural Mesothelioma
Pleural Mesothelioma is related to the pleura region of the body. Peritoneal Mesothelioma is associated with the peritoneum of the body. Let use define both the cases in simpler terms that would become easier for all of us to understand and correlate.
Pleura is that part of the body where the Mesothelium tissue form a borderline around the lungs. When asbestos dust or fibers come in contact with this part, the lining slowly gets disrupted and starts dividing abruptly in a number of cells. This is nothing but the breaking out of cancer in that region. Fluid is deposited in the lungs cavity that worsens the condition of the patient. Gradually the fluid deposits take the shape of tumors that can be removed through surgical method. But even the surgery can heal the patient for the time being though the cancer cells still remain in the body to cause further damage.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Peritoneal Mesothelioma is related to the stomach or the abdomen. The passage of asbestos into the body is mainly through your nose by the process of inhalation. Thus the asbestos coming in contact with the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity is an indirect process. The asbestos gets deposited to this region from the lungs cavity is the lymph nodes. Even in this type of cancer, the patient’s life is fully at risk. Tumors are also formed around the abdominal cavity. Both radiation therapy and chemotherapy help the patients to resist the sufferings to a certain level. All these patients also lose the last hope of life.

The Symptoms of Mesothelioma Cancer

2008-12-07T18:22:00.000-08:00

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer discovered more and more frequently in elderly men. The most common cause of mesothelioma from exposure to asbestos and affects the membrane of the most vital internal organs such as hearts and lungs. Mesothelioma is particularly difficult to diagnose because it shows similar symptoms to many other more common diseases.
It is a malignant mesothelioma cancer, which affects the lining of the heart, lungs and stomach. The experienced symptoms vary depending on the organ affected. The peritoneal mesothelioma (mesothelioma in the stomach) leads to loss of appetite, pain in the stomach and intestine problems with the operation. Plèvre mesothelioma, on the other hand, affects the lungs and chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing and blood. All are malignant mesothelioma and often lead to death

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